CentOSの代替OSとして注目されているOSの一つにAlma Linux(アルマリナックス)があります。今回はこのOSにpython3系をインストールしたいと思います

テスト環境

• ホストOS：Windows10
• ゲストOS：Alma Linux
• 仮想環境：vagrant+virtualBox
• インストール：python3.9

モジュールコマンドからインストール

CentOS8から新たに追加された機能にモジュールというのがあります。このモジュールから色々インストールできます。今回はここからpython3.9をインストールしてみたいと思います

リストで確認すると色々ある

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確認

sudo dnf module list

Name Stream Profiles Summary
389-ds 1.4 389 Directory Server (base)
ant 1.10 [d] common [ Java build tool
d]
container-tools rhel8 [d] common [ Most recent (rolling) versions of podman, buildah, skopeo, runc, conmon, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and update
d] d as frequently as every 12 weeks.
container-tools 1.0 common [ Stable versions of podman 1.0, buildah 1.5, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported for 24 months
d] .
container-tools 2.0 common [ Stable versions of podman 1.6, buildah 1.11, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Appl
d] ication Stream lifecycle page.
container-tools 3.0 common [ Stable versions of podman 3.0, buildah 1.19, skopeo 1.2, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Appl
d] ication Stream lifecycle page.
eclipse rhel8 java [d] An open, extensible IDE and application platform
freeradius 3.0 [d] server [ High-performance and highly configurable free RADIUS server
d]
gimp 2.8 [d] common [ gimp module
d], deve
l
go-toolset rhel8 [d] common [ Go
d]
httpd 2.4 [d] common [ Apache HTTP Server
d], deve
l, minim
al
idm DL1 adtrust, The Red Hat Enterprise Linux Identity Management system module
client,
common
[d], dns
, server
idm client [d] common [ RHEL IdM long term support client module
d]
inkscape 0.92.3 [d] common [ Vector-based drawing program using SVG
d]
javapackages-runtime 201801 [d] common [ Basic runtime utilities to support Java applications
d]
jmc rhel8 [d] common [ Java Mission Control is a profiling and diagnostics tool for the Hotspot JVM
d], core
libselinux-python 2.8 common Python 2 bindings for libselinux
llvm-toolset rhel8 [d] common [ LLVM
d]
mailman 2.1 [d] common [ Electronic mail discussion and e-newsletter lists managing software
d]
mariadb 10.3 [d] client, MariaDB Module
galera,
server [
d]
mariadb 10.5 client, MariaDB Module
galera,
server [
d]
maven 3.5 [d] common [ Java project management and project comprehension tool
d]
maven 3.6 common [ Java project management and project comprehension tool
d]
mercurial 4.8 [d] common [ Mercurial -- a distributed SCM
d]
mod_auth_openidc 2.3 Apache module suporting OpenID Connect authentication
mysql 8.0 [d] client, MySQL Module
server [
d]
nginx 1.14 [d] common [ nginx webserver
d]
nginx 1.16 common [ nginx webserver
d]
nginx 1.18 common [ nginx webserver
d]
nodejs 10 [d] common [ Javascript runtime
d], deve
lopment,
minimal
, s2i
nodejs 12 common [ Javascript runtime
d], deve
lopment,
minimal
, s2i
nodejs 14 common [ Javascript runtime
d], deve
lopment,
minimal
, s2i
parfait 0.5 common Parfait Module
perl 5.24 common [ Practical Extraction and Report Language
d], mini
mal
perl 5.26 [d][e] common [ Practical Extraction and Report Language
d], mini
mal
perl 5.30 common [ Practical Extraction and Report Language
d], mini
mal
perl-App-cpanminus 1.7044 [d] common [ Get, unpack, build and install CPAN modules
d]
perl-DBD-MySQL 4.046 [d] common [ A MySQL interface for Perl
d]
perl-DBD-Pg 3.7 [d] common [ A PostgreSQL interface for Perl
d]
perl-DBD-SQLite 1.58 [d] common [ SQLite DBI driver
d]
perl-DBI 1.641 [d] common [ A database access API for Perl
d]
perl-FCGI 0.78 [d] common [ FastCGI Perl bindings
d]
perl-IO-Socket-SSL 2.066 [d][e] common [ Perl library for transparent TLS
d]
perl-YAML 1.24 [d] common [ Perl parser for YAML
d]
perl-libwww-perl 6.34 [d][e] common [ A Perl interface to the World-Wide Web
d]
php 7.2 [d] common [ PHP scripting language
d], deve
l, minim
al
php 7.3 common [ PHP scripting language
d], deve
l, minim
al
php 7.4 common [ PHP scripting language
d], deve
l, minim
al
pki-core 10.6 PKI Core module for PKI 10.6 or later
pki-deps 10.6 PKI Dependencies module for PKI 10.6 or later
pmdk 1_fileformat_v6 Persistent Memory Development Kit (former NVML)
postgresql 9.6 client, PostgreSQL server and client module
server [
d]
postgresql 10 [d] client, PostgreSQL server and client module
server [
d]
postgresql 12 client, PostgreSQL server and client module
server [
d]
postgresql 13 client, PostgreSQL server and client module
server [
d]
python27 2.7 [d] common [ Python programming language, version 2.7
d]
python36 3.6 [d] build, c Python programming language, version 3.6
ommon [d
]
python38 3.8 [d] build, c Python programming language, version 3.8
ommon [d
]
python39 3.9 [d] build, c Python programming language, version 3.9
ommon [d
]
redis 5 [d] common [ Redis persistent key-value database
d]
redis 6 common [ Redis persistent key-value database
d]
rhn-tools 1.0 [d] common [ Red Hat Satellite 5 tools for RHEL
d]
ruby 2.5 [d] common [ An interpreter of object-oriented scripting language
d]
ruby 2.6 common [ An interpreter of object-oriented scripting language
d]
ruby 2.7 common [ An interpreter of object-oriented scripting language
d]
rust-toolset rhel8 [d] common [ Rust
d]
satellite-5-client 1.0 [d][e] common [ Red Hat Satellite 5 client packages
d], gui
scala 2.10 [d] common [ A hybrid functional/object-oriented language for the JVM
d]
squid 4 [d] common [ Squid - Optimising Web Delivery
d]
subversion 1.10 [d] common [ Apache Subversion
d], serv
er
subversion 1.14 common [ Apache Subversion
d], serv
er
swig 3.0 [d] common [ Connects C/C++/Objective C to some high-level programming languages
d], comp
lete
swig 4.0 common [ Connects C/C++/Objective C to some high-level programming languages
d], comp
lete
varnish 6 [d] common [ Varnish HTTP cache
d]
virt rhel [d] common [ Virtualization module
d]
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実際にコマンドでみていると色々あるなーとわかります。PHPも7.4系がいますね。

python3.9をインストール

実際にインストールしていきます。rootでもよいですが、今回はsudo権限のあるvagrantユーザーで行います

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sudo dnf module install -y python39

Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:38 ago on Thu 24 Jun 2021 12:18:15 PM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.

Package Architecture Version Repository Size

Installing group/module packages:
python39 x86_64 3.9.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2374+27ce8e03 appstream 31 k
Installing dependencies:
python39-libs x86_64 3.9.2-1.module_el8.4.0+2374+27ce8e03 appstream 8.1 M
python39-pip-wheel noarch 20.2.4-3.module_el8.4.0+2374+27ce8e03 appstream 1.3 M
python39-setuptools-wheel noarch 50.3.2-3.module_el8.4.0+2374+27ce8e03 appstream 496 k
Installing weak dependencies:
python39-pip noarch 20.2.4-3.module_el8.4.0+2374+27ce8e03 appstream 2.0 M
python39-setuptools noarch 50.3.2-3.module_el8.4.0+2374+27ce8e03 appstream 870 k
Installing module profiles:
python39/common
Enabling module streams:
python39 3.9

Transaction Summary

Install 6 Packages

Total download size: 13 M
Installed size: 45 M
Downloading Packages:
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インストール確認

インストールできたか確認します

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[vagrant@localhost ~]$ python --version
-bash: python: command not found

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ python3 --version
Python 3.9.2
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ファイルを作って確認してみる

簡単なサンプルファイルを作ってみます

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[vagrant@localhost ~]$ vi sample.py
print ("こんにちは世界！")

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ python3 sample.py
こんにちは世界！

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ python sample.py
-bash: python: command not found
[/c]

python3といれると問題なく実行できますが、pythonだと実行できません。できればpythonコマンドでも実行できるようにしたいです

シンボリックリンクを貼る

pythonといれても実行できるようにしていきます

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python関連ファイルを検索

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python3.9 /usr/lib/python3.6 /usr/lib/python3.9 /usr/lib64/python3.6 /usr/lib64/python3.9 /usr/include/python3.6m /usr/include/python3.9 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
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シンボリックリンクを作成

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python
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バージョンの表示

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ python3 -V
Python 3.9.2
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無事にできました。pipも同じようにします

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python関連ファイルを検索

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ whereis pip
pip: /usr/bin/pip3.9
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シンボリックリンクを作成

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/pip3.9 /usr/bin/pip
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バージョンの表示

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ pip -V
pip 20.2.4 from /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)
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問題なくできました

YouTube動画

設定動画になります